A confidence interval for IВІ is constructed using either i) the iterative non-central chi-squared distribution method of Hedges and Piggott (2001) or ii) the test-based method of Higgins and Thompson (2002). Unlike Q it does not inherently depend upon the number of studies considered. IВІ is an intuitive and simple expression of the inconsistency of studiesвЂ™ results. The IВІ statistic describes the percentage of variation across studies that is due to heterogeneity rather than chance ( Higgins and Thompson, 2002 Higgins et al., 2003). It is arguably not possible to examine the null hypothesis that all studies are evaluating the same effect, by considering the only the summary data from the studies: The heterogeneity test results should be considered alongside a qualitative assessment of the combinability of studies in a systematic review. An additional test, due to Breslow and Day (1980), is provided with the odds ratio meta-analysis. 2003): Q is included in each StatsDirect meta-analysis function because it forms part of the DerSimonian-Laird random effects pooling method DerSimonian and Laird 1985). Conversely, Q has too much power as a test of heterogeneity if the number of studies is large ( Higgins et al. Q has low power as a comprehensive test of heterogeneity ( Gavaghan et al, 2000), especially when the number of studies is small, i.e. Q is distributed as a chi-square statistic with k (numer of studies) minus 1 degrees of freedom.

The classical measure of heterogeneity is CochranвЂ™s Q, which is calculated as the weighted sum of squared differences between individual study effects and the pooled effect across studies, with the weights being those used in the pooling method. Measuring the inconsistency of studiesвЂ™ results StatsDirect calls statistics for measuring heterogentiy in meta-analysis 'non-combinability' statistics in order to help the user to interpret the results. Further trials are necessary to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability versus other medications.Heterogeneity in meta-analysis refers to the variation in study outcomes between studies. Our results suggest that aripiprazole is effective and safe in treating bipolar mania. Aripiprazole was also associated with higher levels of high density lipoprotein, lower dropout rates, but no difference in extrapyramidal symptoms in the maintenance phase versus a placebo or in comparison with other medications (haloperidol or lithium). Aripiprazole was associated with lower relapse rates in bipolar mania when used in combination versus a placebo in maintenance therapy (odds ratio: 0.522, p < 0.029). в€’0.299, p=0.001) and psychosis (Hedges' g: в€’0.296, p < 0.001) in the acute mania state, but did not improve depressive symptoms (Hedges' g: в€’0.127, p =0.054) in the acute depressive state. Compared to a placebo, aripiprazole improved acute mania (Hedges' g: A total of 20 RCTs met the eligibility criteria, including two which investigated the efficacy of aripiprazole versus haloperidol (aripiprazole =340 haloperidol =337), three which compared aripiprazole versus lithium (aripiprazole =208 lithium =212), and 15 with multiple comparisons of aripiprazole versus a placebo (aripiprazole =1923 placebo =1499). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of people with BD who received aripiprazole were included. Two authors conducted systematic searches of PubMed and ScienceDirect from inception until May 14th, 2017. therefore we conducted this comprehensive meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy and safety profile of aripiprazole in treating BD. Numerous studies have investigated aripiprazole as a treatment for bipolar disorder (BD). Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, v. Efficacy, safety and tolerability of aripiprazole in bipolar disorder : an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:Д®fficacy, safety and tolerability of aripiprazole in bipolar disorder : an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Comprehensive meta analysis odds ratio